海地社区广场改造 Tapis Rouge / EVA Studio

EVA Studio：Tapis Rouge是海地Carrefour – Feuilles的根據LAMIKA項目建造的幾個公共場所之一。 LAMIKA是海地克里奧爾語中“我的社區生活更美好”的縮寫。該項目由美國紅十字會資助，由全球社區組織開發，旨在通過包容的方式構建和促進社會凝聚力的多功能空間。

Carrefour-Feuilles是2010年地震中遭受大面積破壞的眾多非正式社區之一。依附在峽谷斜坡上的房屋缺乏電力、自來水和衛生等基本服務設施，幾乎沒有正式的基礎設施，只有通過蜿蜒於斜坡上的狹窄走廊網絡才能進入毗鄰的住宅。社交生活通常發生在狹小的角落和相鄰房屋的牆壁之間。

地震發生後，Tapis Rouge曾經是流離失所者的帳篷營地。它坐落在一個斜坡的頂部，可以俯瞰兩邊的峽谷，也是通往下面小巷和房屋住宅的入口。

EVA Studio：Tapis Rouge is one of several public spaces in Carrefour-Feuilles, Haiti, built under program LAMIKA, whose acronym stands for “A better life in my neighbourhood” in Haitian Creole. The program, funded by the American Red Cross and implemented by Global Communities, aims to construct multifunctional spaces that facilitate and promote social cohesion through an inclusive approach.

Carrefour-Feuilles is one of the many informal neighbourhoods which suffered extensive damage in the 2010 earthquake. The houses clinging to the slopes of the ravine lack basic services such as electricity, running water and sanitation. There is little formal infrastructure and the cheek by jowl homes are only accessible by a network of narrow corridors that wind up the slope. It is among the tight corners and between the walls of neighbouring houses that social life usually takes place.

After the earthquake, the site of Tapis Rouge used to be a tent camp for displaced people. It sits at the t op of a slope overlooking the ravines either side and it marks the entrance to the alleyways and homes below.

設計本身就是以社區為導向的，並將公共空間理解為是一種人類學的基礎，身份認同和社會關係都由此發展而來。這個公共空間通過參與式的方式、設置空間的策略以及將社區參與置於設計過程的核心，旨在賦予當地社區變革力量，並為居民提供一種所有權、身份認同感和自豪感。我們的目標是創造一個更安全、更清潔的環境，這將有助於減少該地區的犯罪、暴力和反社會行為。

The design itself is inherently community-oriented and understands public space as an anthropological ground from which identity and social relations grow. Through a participatory approach, PlaceMaking strategies and through placing community engagement at the core of the design process, this public space aims to give transformative power to a local community and to provide the residents with a sense of ownership, identity, and pride. The goal was to create a safer and cleaner environment, which would help reduce crime, violence, and anti-social behaviour in the area.

Tapis Rouge坐落在一座小山上，這裡是一個非正式社區的中心地帶，該社區橫跨兩個相鄰峽谷的斜坡。它被緊靠山坡的煤渣砌塊房屋和連接它們的狹窄走廊和小巷所包圍。該項目連接到這個現有的系統，以及其他公共空間和一條主幹道，作為LAMIKA項目的一部分，這條主幹道也已經得到了改善。

Tapis Rouge rests atop a hill, at the centre of an informal neighbourhood which has sprawled across the slopes of two adjacent ravines. It is surrounded by the cinder-block houses clinging to the hillside, and the network of narrow corridors and alleyways that link them together. The project connects to this existing system as well as other public spaces and a main road that too have been improved as part of the LAMIKA program.

該項目和建築設計直接與社區建立聯繫。這個標誌著整個空間中心的露天圓形廣場可用於社區居民聚會。台階座位的邊緣點綴著幾棵小樹，當它們完全長大後，將會為廣場使用者遮陽。超出廣場範圍的同心圓環限定了劃定了整個的廣場區域，廣場一邊放置著戶外運動器材和座椅，在靠近牆的另一邊，綠色的梯田取代了當地製造的藍色鋪路石，每個梯田都種植著不同的植物。在它上方的頂端，一排棕櫚樹隱藏了附近配水站的從地下100米處取水的儲水箱和車站供水井。水的銷售收入將被用於公共空間的維護。

The program and the architectural design have been established directly with the community. An open-air amphitheatre, intended for community gathering, marks the centre of the space. Dotted around the edges of the seating-steps are several Flamboyant's that, when fully grown, will shelter the users from the sun. The concentric rings beyond define areas within the plaza. One, is occupied by outdoor exercise equipment and seating. In another one, near the wall, the locally-made blue pavers give way to terraces of greenery, each with different plants. Above it, by the top end, a row of palm trees conceals storage tanks for the adjacent water distribution station. The well that feeds the tanks and station brings water from 100m below ground. The revenue generated from the sales of water will be reinvested into maintaining the public space.

沿著場地周邊延伸的牆壁已經被社區和當地藝術家用彩色壁畫進行了改造。這些設計都來自一個社區參與研討會，藝術家們在那裡與來自社區的人們討論藝術的價值。來自該地區的兒童、他們的父母、Le Centred藝術中心的藝術家和法國藝術家Bault共同創作了最後一個反映了海地豐富的繪畫傳統的作品。

The wall that runs along the perimeter of the site has been transformed by the community and local artists with colourful murals. The designs emerged from one of the community engagement workshops, in which artists discussed the value of art with people from the neighbourhood. The children from the area, their parents and artists from Le Centre d'art and French artist Bault worked together on the final piece, which reflects Haiti's rich painting tradition.

特色種植：軟景觀設計中包含了豐富的本地植被選擇，包括桂樹(Cassia Fistula)、普洱茶棕櫚(Sabal causiarum)和艷麗植物(Delonix Regia)，以及植物如金杜蘭塔(Duranta Erecta)、 Buxus (Buxus Vahlii)和蜘蛛植物(Chlorophytum comosum)。由於現場有大量的山羊，為了保護植被，我們在項目周邊設置了彩色(視覺上可滲透的)圍欄。

Planting Features: The softscape design involved a rich choice of locally-available and native vegetation, including Cassia trees (Cassia Fistula), Puertorican palmettos (Sabal causiarum) and Flamboyants (Delonix Regia), and plants such as Golden Duranta (Duranta Erecta), Buxus (Buxus Vahlii) and Spider Plants (Chlorophytum comosum). Due to a heavy presence of goats on site, and in order to protect the vegetation, a colorful (and visually permeable) fence has been placed around the perimeter of the project.

▼平面圖 Master Plan

▼軸測圖 Axonometric

▼剖面圖 Section

項目名稱: Place Tapis Rouge(海地的一個非正式社區公共空間)
建築師事務所: Emergent Vernacular Architecture (EVA Studio)
主要建築師: Andrea Panizzo, Simone Pagani, Jeannie S. Lee, Gianluca Stefani, Anna Calogero, Etienne Pernot du Breuil, Edoardo Paoletti, Samuel Eliodor, Berrousse Exius, Faudia Pierre, Radim Tkadlec, Clement Davy
項目地點: 海地carfour – feuilles
完成: 2016年
建築面積: 1300平方米
攝影: Gianluca Stefani (EVA Studio)；Etienne Pernot du Breuil (EVA Studio)
客戶: Global Communities
捐贈者: 美國紅十字會
土木工程師: Sisul Consulting
承辦商: FICCAS, Ginkgo Landscape, ARCOD
藝術家: Le Centre d ‘art, Bault
預算: 230000美元

Project name: Place Tapis Rouge (a public space in an informal neighborhood in Haiti)
Architect’ Firm: Emergent Vernacular Architecture (EVA Studio)
Lead Architects: Andrea Panizzo, Simone Pagani, Jeannie S. Lee, Gianluca Stefani, Anna Calogero, Etienne Pernot du Breuil, Edoardo Paoletti, Samuel Eliodor, Berrousse Exius, Faudia Pierre, Radim Tkadlec, Clément Davy
Project location: Carrefour-Feuilles, Haiti
Completion Year: 2016
Gross Built Area (square meters or square foot): 1,300 smq
Photo credits: Gianluca Stefani (EVA Studio); Etienne Pernot du Breuil (EVA Studio)
Client: Global Communities
Donor: American Red Cross
Civil Engineers: Sisul Consulting
Contractors: FICCAS, Ginkgo Landscape, ARCOD
Artists: Le Centre d’art, Bault
Budget: 230,000 US$

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