住宅建筑

巴克斯顿私人住宅，墨尔本 / 开放式玻璃幕墙

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巴克斯顿住宅位于一片灌木丛中，可俯瞰墨尔本东北100公里处的黑岭州立森林。大而深的悬挑屋顶不仅能遮挡阳光还能在环境中形成保护，成为建筑最显著的特征。建筑布局朝北是开放式玻璃幕墙，其内是起居室及餐厅，朝南粉刷后的石墙后方是卧室，室外则由东西方向悬挑的屋顶限定出空间。屋顶采用强压的胶合板木梁组成网状结构，并外露在天花板上。简洁的空间秩序，有序的设计细节及温暖的材料与配色，例如抛光的石膏墙，胶合板天花板和裸露的混凝土地板，为整个住宅带来平静和放松的氛围。

The Buxton house is a bush retreat overlooking the Black Range State Forest 100km north east of Melbourne. The house is defined by its large & deep overhanging roof designed to offer shade and protection from the elements. The plan is arranged around a glass walled open plan living and dining area facing north, a rendered masonry walled sleeping zone to the south and outdoor areas defined by the cantilevered roof to the east and west. The roof is constructed of a grid of deep laminated veneer lumber beams exposed and expressed in the ceiling. The simple order, restrained detailing and a palette of warm internal materials including polished plaster walls, plywood ceilings and exposed aggregate concrete floors lends this house a calm and relaxed feel.

设计目标及挑战
Brief and challenges

该项目旨在设计一幢用于周末度假的住宅。项目场地20公顷，位于巴克斯顿镇外大教堂山脉州立公园的山脚下。项目的目标是设计出与场地相适应，建造简单，造价低廉且运行高效的住宅。

该项目的挑战在于地形及景观多变的场地条件。场地内包含山脊线，不定时涌现河道的山谷，本地植被残留群落和被清理过的牧场。场地拥有独特的美丽风景，因此住宅的选址与建造必须注意如何保护并提升这样的自然景观。

The brief is to design a house for a weekend getaway on a 20 hectare property located near the foot of the Cathedral Range state park just outside the township of Buxton. The house must respond to the site, be simple to construct, be inexpensive to build and efficient to run.

The landscape and topography are diverse and includes ridge lines, valleys with ephemeral water courses, remnant clusters of native vegetation and cleared grazing land. The site is unique and beautiful and so it was important to site and design the new building to protect and enhance this natural landscape.

▼项目概览，overall view of the project © Ernesto Arriagada

设计策略
What were the solutions

住宅是位于高处的平层，后方略微嵌入山体。这样一来，建筑的前部可以设置于平地上，既保障了住宅与外界的连通性又能与内部的景观产生强烈的视觉联系。项目预算紧张，所以住宅的面积相对紧凑，只有180平，包括一个开放式起居事，餐厅及厨房的复合空间，3间卧室，2间浴室，洗衣房和储藏间。但因住宅的空间布局保证了对外的良好视野，使住宅面积显得更为宽敞。

The house is designed as a single level in an elevated position with the back slightly cut into the hill. This allows the front of the house to sit on grade providing unfettered access outside and a strong visual connection to the land from inside. The budget was tight so the house is relatively compact, at just under 180m2 it includes an open plan living/dining/kitchen space, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, laundry and storage, but the spatial arrangement and constant visual connection to the outside make the house feel much bigger.

▼住宅前侧安置于较平的地面上，保障通行，the front of the house sits on grade providing unfettered access outside © Ernesto Arriagada

▼住宅的绝佳视野，excellent view of the house © Ernesto Arriagada

住宅内的每间房都可以看到室外的风景，甚至有些空间是专门设计来欣赏傍晚的落日或清晨明媚的阳光。这样一来，业主即可在室内感知到光线一整天的变化。冬季的阳光透过北面，东面和西面的大型开放式落地窗照亮起居室，餐厅和厨房。这个空间以一个三面玻璃的壁炉为中心，享受绝佳的视野。巨大的悬挑式屋顶控制了夏日的阳光。该屋顶由木梁相互连接形成600毫米深的网格组成。屋顶贯穿整个住宅，增强了住宅的隐蔽感。

Every room has a view out into the landscape. There are spaces designed for late evening sun, or sunny spots in the morning so that you can track the light throughout the day. Winter sun penetration is achieved by facing a large open plan glass living, dining & kitchen area to the north, east and west, this area is open to the views and centred spatially around a 3-sided glass firebox. Summer sun is controlled by a massive overhanging roof comprising a grid of 600mm deep secretly joined timber roof beams. The roof’s presence is felt throughout the house to enhance the sense of shelter.

▼阳光透过落地窗照亮起居室，sun penetration is achieved by facing a large open plan glass living area © Ernesto Arriagada

▼三面玻璃的壁炉，3-sided glass firebox © Ernesto Arriagada

项目的独特之处
How is the project unique

项目整体设计围绕简单生活的理念。设计团队喜欢将不同的项目相互整合，例如，将实用性厨房设计成类似于传统农舍中的厨房，把家庭活动空间和厨房的操作空间整合在一个大空间中，并在其中央设置大型餐桌。住宅的细节处也遵循这种开放式空间的布置，其中连续的悬挑式墙架使起居空间内的墙壁可以连为一体，而不形成任何阻挡。空间的连续性及外观的连续性是该住宅的设计关键，这样能保持平静统一的空间氛围。

The entire design revolves around the idea of simple living. I enjoyed integrating some informal ideas for example the utilitarian kitchen is designed like a traditional farmhouse kitchen where family activity and kitchen work are integrated in one big room with a huge dining table in the middle. This open spatial arrangement is followed through in the detailing where open and continuous cantilevered wall shelves allow a single wall finish to flow uninterrupted throughout the entire living space. Spatial continuity and continuity of surface is a key design feature of this house as it lends a quiet unity and calm of the whole

主要建造材料
Key products used

房屋内部和外部均采用天然石灰硬石膏墙面，并经过打磨处理，形成独特，光滑且略不完美的铜绿质地，适合住宅简洁的设计风格的同时，引入了自然景观的美感。当阳光经由墙壁表面的反射，会呈现出强烈的质感。设计师将项目的材料种类控制在最低的限度，减少不必要的材料和多余的细节，为住宅带来平静和幸福的氛围。住宅主要使用了天然密封的木窗和细木工制品，包括可持续再生的胶合板天花板，裸露的层压板木梁，本地混凝土材料地板和本地采购的河石和沙。

The house features internal and external natural lime hard plaster walls with a rendered finish to create a unique, smooth & slightly imperfect patina that suits the simplicity of the house design and reflects the beauty of the natural landscape. When the light hits the wall surface it reflects to convey an intense tactile quality. The range of materials were kept to a minimum, there’s an absence of minor material and extraneous detail hopefully lending a sense of calm and well being to the house. Naturally sealed timber windows and joinery including sustainably sourced plywood ceiling panels, exposed & laminated timber beams, cast on site concrete floors with locally sourced river rock aggregate and sand.