Apan住宅-农村住房实验

Apán住宅是“住房信息技术研究与实践实验室”总体规划项目的一部分。该规划包括了32个可持续发展研究中心的农村住房实验原型。本次项目旨在于农村环境中打造一间能够同时满足体面的家庭特征与住户需求的住宅。与此同时，团队还从对Zaragoza镇的场地分析出发来实现住宅对场地的适应。

Apán, is a project part of a master plan called “Laboratory of Research and Practical Experimentation of Housing INFONAVIT”  includes 32 experimental prototypes of rural housing of the Research Center for Sustainable Development. The objective of the project was to build a house in a rural context that met the characteristics of a decent home and satisfied the needs of users. In the same way, the project departs from the analysis of the site at the town of Zaragoza, Coahuila with a specific purpose of achieving a complete adaptability of the housing prototype to the site.

▼住宅外观，exterior view of the house © Rafael Gamo

由于邻城Piedras Negras与美国接壤，Zaragoza当地的社会环境也因此变得特殊复杂。从本地建筑的特征可以看出，当地居民对美式生活表现出了强烈的向往。活跃的圣安东尼奥河流让气候极端的Zaragoza拥有了相对稳定的湿度环境，大大小小的沟渠也因此在当地随处可见。项目团队建议采用当地基于砖石结构的建造系统和染色水泥砂。所有的墙壁都通过混凝土层来抵御当地潮湿的气候。屋顶和雨水排放系统都恢复到了农村住宅原有的乡土系统结构。

Its location and proximity to the city of Piedras Negras generates a particular social context due to its connection with the United States. The inhabitants of this locality present a strong aspiration to the American way of life that was reflected in the buildings of the localities. On the other hand, Zaragoza has an extreme climate, but with a presence of humidity due to the San Antonio River, which is a slope of the Rio Grande. Due to this, the acequias can be appreciated in the different localities of the municipality. We proposed the use of a local building system based on masonery with a cement – sand covering with dye. All project walls have a concrete layer to withstand the climatic conditions of the local humidity. The roof system recovers the vernacular system of the rural houses, as does the traditional rainwater drainage system.

▼房屋的混凝土层用以抵御当地潮湿的气候，the concrete layer of the house is designed to withstand the local damp climate © Rafael Gamo

▼地处恶劣自然环境中的住宅，the house situated in a harsh natural environment © Rafael Gamo

▼入口所在的无窗立面，the facade of the entrance without windows © Rafael Gamo

该项目利用两个体量将私人空间与公共空间分隔开来，并恢复了门廊等传统建筑元素。房屋的主入口朝南，生活设施集中在北部。团队成员打造了一个没有窗户的南立面、面向景观的后立面，设计了可根据家庭成员数目的增长而调整的模块化空间方案。高3.26米、可以美化乡村住宅的夹层空间也被巧妙设置在房屋之中。

▼从起居空间看向外部庭院，view from the living space to the courtyard © Rafael Gamo

▼木制楼梯间，wooden staircase © Rafael Gamo

The project is based on two volumes dividing the private from the public and recovery elements of the program of traditional architecture, such as the porch. With the main entrace facing south and services concentrated to the north, we generate a facade without windows and the rear facade open to the landscape. A progression scheme is proposed according to the growth of the number of members. The system works by repeating the same chamber module laterally. The project contemplates a mezzanine height of 3.26m with the purpose of dignifying rural housing through the creation of larger spaces.

▼通往二楼平台的楼梯，stairs leading to the second floor platform © Rafael Gamo

▼楼梯拐角，corner of the stairs © Rafael Gamo

▼模块化系统平面图，modular system plan © Rafael Gamo

Location: Hidalgo, México.
Year: 2017
Construction: 58 sq.m.
Photography: Rafael Gamo
Team: Pablo Pérez Palacios
Miguel Vargas, Jesús García, Laura Fernández, Carla Celis, Jorque Quiroga, Enrique Villegas.

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