Schools

学习性景观空间-缓坡上的小学

[ad_1]

项目概况
Basic description

这座新建的小学完善了城郊村庄空间的发展，并以其独特的建筑原型轮廓打造出一个醒目的视觉形象。教室以群组的方式布置，整个建筑采用被动式能源设计。最终不仅打造出一系列高质量的公共空间，更为该区域提供了一个社区中心。

The new elementary school freely complements the development on the outskirts of the suburban village and with its distinctive archetypal silhouette completes its visual identity. The building with cluster arrangement of classrooms is designed in a passive energy standard with an emphasis on quality common spaces and serves as a community center of the municipality.

▼学校外观，exterior view of the school ©BoysPlayNice

城市规划与建筑设计
Urban planning and architectural design

本项目凭借着其自身独一无二的特点，从当地建筑环境中脱颖而出。这座新小学位于城市轴线的一端，从而不仅将校园与村庄广场联系了起来，激发了街道活力，更确保了其周边环境的空间肌理和功能布局不会受到学校建筑体量和入口区域规模大小的影响。公共图书馆坐落在项目基地显眼的角落位置上，面向村庄，从视觉上体现出本项目的社区特色。

▼学校空间轴测图，the spatial axon of the school ©SOA architekti

The new school campus creates within the municipality a place with its own identity. Despite its size the building and its entrance area is not disturbing the spatial and functional context of the place as it stands on the other end of an urban axis connecting the campus with the village square unveiling its potential to become a lively street. The community character of the building is visually supported by a public library situated in an exposed corner facing the village.

▼学校总平面图，top view of the school ©BoysPlayNice

▼活动空间俯视图局部，partial top view of the grounds ©BoysPlayNice

本项目坐落在一个缓坡之上。所有建筑的一侧朝向学校的主入口区域，另一侧朝向校园操场。整个建筑被划分为了数个较小的结构体量，以确保能够最大程度地适应周边社区环境的规模。

The school is set in a mellow slope and the design works with different floor counts facing the entrance area on one side and the school grounds on the other one. The large building is divided into several structural volumes to adapt to the scale of the neighbourhood at its most.

▼学校远景，坐落在一个缓坡之上，distant view of the school that is set in a mellow slope ©BoysPlayNice

学校朝向公共区域一侧的外观造型由四个主要的双层坡屋顶体量构成。这四个体量容纳着一系列教室空间和学校的行政空间，造型简单，灵感皆来自于传统的乡村建筑。一个较低的平屋顶体量作为连接构件，穿插在四个坡屋顶体量之间，在功能上不仅充当着入口，更容纳着学校食堂和体育馆等公共空间。此外，与周围极简风格的坡屋顶体量不同，这个中央平屋顶体量的外侧整体覆盖着竖向的落叶松板条表皮，从而可根据内部的功能需求来提供不同通透性的空间。

▼白色的双层坡屋顶体量容纳教学和行政空间，the two-level pitched-roof volumes in white color accommodating classrooms and school administration ©BoysPlayNice

▼白色坡屋顶体量造型简单，灵感来自于传统的乡村建筑，the pitched-roof volumes in white color with minimalistic archetypal expression inspired by rural typology ©BoysPlayNice

The appearance of the building towards public space is determined by four dominant two-level pitched-roof volumes with minimalistic archetypal expression inspired by rural typology accommodating classrooms and school administration. As connecting element in between there is a lower entrance structure with flat roof containing common areas such as school canteen and gymnasiums. Contrasting with the minimalistic white facade of the surrounding structures this central volume is cladded with distinctively profiled vertical larch slats also covering windows allowing for different transparency levels according to interior requirements.

▼较低的平屋顶体量穿插在四个坡屋顶体量之间，the lower entrance structure with flat roof interlocks four pitched-roof volumes ©BoysPlayNice

▼操场、中央平屋顶体量和远处的坡屋顶体量，the grounds, the central flat-roof volume and the pitched-roof volume in the distance ©BoysPlayNice

▼中央平屋顶体量的外侧整体覆盖着竖向的落叶松板条表皮，the central volume is cladded with distinctively profiled vertical larch slats ©BoysPlayNice

▼平屋顶体量作为连接构件，the volume with the flat roof as the connecting element in between ©BoysPlayNice

建筑布局
Building layout

作为“学习性景观空间”，建筑内部是一个充满了自然光线的流动空间。设计团队根据空间的用途，自然而然地创建出一系列具有不同私密度的空间区域。此外，本项目在公共空间的视觉和功能设计上也费了一番心思，因此学校还可作为课余活动空间和社区中心为人们提供服务。

学校的中心是位于中央体量中的食堂空间。这个双层通高的多功能空间一直延伸到了入口门厅，同时还能凭借着巧妙的平面布局，结合餐厅活动墙体背后的小型体育馆内的舞台，将自身转变成一个礼堂空间。食堂旁边的室外露台被缓坡绿地所覆盖。这部分露台空间作为学校活动场地的一部分，不仅为孩子们提供了额外的互动空间，更扩大了位于首层的教学研讨空间的面积。

▼位于中央体量中的食堂空间，the canteen situated in the central building ©BoysPlayNice

▼双层通高的食堂兼多功能空间，the double height canteen and multifunctional space ©BoysPlayNice

▼食堂可结合活动墙体背后的小型体育馆内的舞台，将自身转变成一个礼堂空间，the canteen can be turned into auditorium for a stage placed in the adjacent small gymnasium behind large movable partition in the canteen wall ©BoysPlayNice

▼食堂的取餐窗口，the food windows of the canteen ©BoysPlayNice

▼大厅楼梯，the stairs ©BoysPlayNice

The interior is designed as „learning landscape“, a light-flooded fluid space that creates naturally defined zones of different privacy levels according to the space use. The building is also used for afterschool activities and as community center which is well reflected in the designed quality of common spaces both visual and functional.

Heart of the school is the canteen situated in the central building. This double height multifunctional space continues into the entrance foyer and thanks to ingenious floor plan can be turned into auditorium for a stage placed in the adjacent small gymnasium behind large movable partition in the canteen wall. The outdoor terrace next to the canteen sheltered by a green land slope provides as part of the school grounds additional place for interaction and extends the teaching space of workshops on the ground floor at the same time.

▼大厅上层空间，the upper level of the hall ©BoysPlayNice

▼室内空间局部，partial interior view of the school ©BoysPlayNice

▼储存柜区域使用黄色作为标识，the locker area uses yellow as its own colored identity ©BoysPlayNice

▼不同颜色的卫生间区域，the restroom areas in different colors ©BoysPlayNice

教学空间位于相邻的白色坡屋顶体量中，均以群组的形式围绕着宽阔的楼梯组织。每个教学空间群组都由两到三间教室和一个中央大厅构成，均拥有自己的色彩标识和室外活动空间。同时，得益于各空间之间的视觉联系，一个群组可被视为一个自然封闭的小单元，从而为多样化的教学和使用需求提供了场所。此外，群组内还设有带有磁性和可书写表面的墙体，以便让孩子们能够更好地适应空间。

Learning areas are situated in the adjacent white buildings organized in clusters around wide staircases. Each cluster consists of two or three classrooms and a central hall, has access to an outdoor space and its own colored identity. Thanks to visual connection of all spaces the cluster creates a naturally enclosed smaller unit within the large building allowing for multiple teaching concepts and variable use. The clusters can be easily adapted by the kids using walls with special magnetic and writable surface.

▼白色坡屋顶体量的室内楼梯，the interior stairs in the white buildings ©BoysPlayNice

▼教学空间以群组的形式围绕着楼梯布置，均拥有自己的色彩标识，the learning areas are organized in clusters around wide staircases, with each cluster having its own colored identity ©BoysPlayNice

▼红色的群组空间，the cluster in the red color ©BoysPlayNice

▼绿色的群组空间，the cluster in the green color ©BoysPlayNice

▼透过窗户看室外的缓坡绿地，viewing the green land slope through the window ©BoysPlayNice

整个室内空间中的木制品对于营造环境氛围是非常重要的。学校入口大厅和食堂的屋顶格栅结构、墙体饰面、内嵌式家具、窗台和部分立面等均采用木材。木元素加上基于儿童绘画的有趣的图形标识，营造出一种家一般的温馨感。

Woodwork present throughout the interior is very important for the ambience. Wood is used as structural material of the roof grid in the lobby and canteen, as wall cladding and for built-in furniture, window sills and facade cladding. Together with a playful graphical identity based on children’s drawings the wooden elements give a warm and homelike feeling to the whole building.

▼屋顶格栅结构采用木材制成，the wood is used as structural material of the roof grid ©BoysPlayNice

▼木元素加上基于儿童绘画的有趣的图形标识，营造出一种家一般的温馨感，together with a playful graphical identity based on children’s drawings the wooden elements give a warm and homelike feeling to the whole building ©BoysPlayNice

结构和技术
Structure, technology

本项目采用整体式的钢筋混凝土结构。中央体量的平屋顶由胶合木桁架支撑，其余的坡屋顶则由钢框架支撑。建筑的内外墙均由石灰岩砂砖制成。

The building is a monolithic reinforced concrete structure. Glued wooden trusses are used for the flat roof of the central building, pitched roofs are supported by steel frames. Exterior and interior walls are made from sand limestone bricks.

本项目是一个被动式能源建筑。燃气锅炉与热泵结合，不仅可以在使用高峰期提供室内空间必须的热量，还可以最大限度地提高热泵效率。教室内则设置着地暖。

室内的换气通过由压力控制的通风系统和效率高达77%的被动式热回收来实现。通风系统的单元组件分散布置在各个建筑体量的屋顶和阁楼上，通风系统的强度则根据教室中二氧化碳的含量来自动控制。当夏季来临的时候，这个通风系统还可对使用率较高的空间进行夜间的预先降温。此外，设计团队还在建筑中安装了大面积的雨水蓄积系统，从而便于收集雨水以进行灌溉和冲厕。

The building is designed as passive house. Heating is provided by heat pumps combined with gas boilers that cover the peak hours and enable to use the heat pumps in optimal mode. There is hot water floor heating supported by radiators in the classrooms.

Air exchange is provided by pressure controlled ventilation system with passive heat recuperation with efficiency of 77%. Ventilation system units are situated decentralized on the roofs and attics of each building. The intensity of ventilation is controlled automatically using the CO2 values in the classrooms. In the summer time the system is used for night pre-cooling of the building operating at higher intensity. An extended rain water accumulation system is installed in the building using the rain water for irrigation and toilet flushing.

Studio: SOA architekti
Authors: Ondřej Píhrt | lead architect, Štefan Šulek | architect, Ondřej Laciga | architect
Co-authors: Irena Vojtová | architect, Pavel Směták | architect, Tereza Březovská | architect
Project address: Pražská 1000, Dolní Jirčany, 252 44 Psáry, Czech Republic
Project year: 2014 – 2017
Completion year: 2019
Construction area: 3.834 m2
Gross floor area: 9.308 m2
Net floor area: 8.300 m2
Construction volume: 43.000 m3
Costs: 16.600.000 € incl. tax (incl. interior)
Client: Town Psáry
Photographs: BoysPlayNice

Collaborators:
Construction engineer: Projekt Centrum NOVA
Energy consultant: Porsenna
Graphic designer: Barbora Zachovalová
Gastro engineer: InGastro
General supplier: PKS stavby
Interior supplier: DVD Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou

Materials:
Linoleum Tarkett | flooring classrooms, canteen, gymnasiums
STO PUR screed | flooring common areas
AMF Heradesign | acoustic wall and ceiling panels
Wienerberger brick pavement | pavement public areas
KM beta Sendwix | sand limestone bricks outer walls